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Phạm Xuân Ẩn
Phạm Xuân Ẩn (September 12, 1927 – September 20, 2006) was a Vietnamese journalist and correspondent for ''Time (magazine)'', ''Reuters'' and the ''New York Herald Tribune'', stationed in Saigon during the war in Vietnam. He was also simultaneously spying for North Vietnam. He was made a general after the war. His nicknames were "Hai Trung" and "Tran Van Trung." He was awarded the "People's Army Force Hero" by the Vietnamese government on January 15, 1976.〔Berman, Larry (2007). Perfect Spy. Smithsonian Books. ISBN 978-0-06-088839-8, pps 134-143〕 He was also put in a "softer" version of a reeducation camp for a year after the war for being considered too close to the Americans.〔''Flashbacks'', Morley Safer, St Martin's Press/Random House, 1991〕
==Early life and education==
He was born in Binh Truoc, Biên Hòa, Đồng Nai Province, but his parents were originally from Hải Dương Province. His grandfather was the headmaster of a school in Huế and was awarded the king of Vietnam's gold ring. Ẩn's father was a high-level engineer of the Public Administration Department. His family's service to France did not earn them French citizenship. Phạm was born in Biên Hòa Hospital with the help of French doctors.
When Ẩn was a child, he lived in Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City). He had joined the Viet Minh in 1944 at the age of 16 to fight against the Japanese during World War II and afterward against the French.〔''Vietnam: A History''; Stanley Karnow; ''The Viking Press''; 1983; Page 39-41〕 When the August Revolution began against the French government, Ẩn left school and joined the Volunteer Youth Organisation. Later, he took classes offered by the Viet Minh. He then moved to Cần Thơ and studied at the College of Cần Thơ.
After the partition of Vietnam in 1954, Ẩn served in the Saigon government army and was later awarded a scholarship to a college in California.〔 In the late 1950s, Ẩn attended Orange Coast College (OCC) and earned an Associate of Arts degree. He wrote for the campus newspaper, then called ''The Barnacle''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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